POCKETLITERATURE101

Jacques Marie Emile Lacan   was born on April 13, 1901, and died on September 9, 1981. He was a French psychoanalyst and a philosopher and was a very controversial figure on the French psychoanalytic scene. He was a polymathic intellectual presence across a number of fields of human inquiry, whose work has had strong influences on psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy, literary and critical theory, and film studies. A selection from his writings entitled  Écrits   and Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis , both published in 1977, and translated by Alan Sheridan, were the books that brought him to the attention of students of literature and theory in the Anglophone world.   His work is notoriously gnomic and enigmatic as well as being prone to change, as his ideas on core concepts—such as the unconscious, the other, the phallus, the mirror stage, desire, the drive, and his triadic system of understanding knowledge: the imaginary, the symbolic and the real —all underwent changes

Ivor Armstrong Richards , was born on Feb 26, 1893, in Sandbach, Cheshire, England and died on Sept 7, 1979, in Cambridge, was the most influential English critic, theoretician, rhetorician, poet, dramatist, speculative philosopher, psychologist, semanticist and a teacher. He played a significant role in the modern literary criticism better known as ‘New Criticism.'   He is often referred to as the ‘critical consciousness’ of the modern age. Together with T.S.Eliot , Richards was instrumental in steering Anglo-American criticism along a new path of scientific enquiry and observation. Richards was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and was a lecturer in English and moral sciences there from 1922 to 1929. In that period he wrote three of his most influential books: The Meaning of the Meaning (1923) , a pioneer work on semantics; and Principles of Literary Criticism (1924) and Practical Criticism (1929) .   In the Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Richards establi